Check Your English Vocabulary for Phrasal Verbs and Idioms (1), ang
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR
PHRASAL VERBS
AND
IDIOMS
Rawdon Wyatt
A & C Black
London
www.acblack.com
First published in Great Britain 2006
A & C Black Publishers Ltd
38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB
© Rawdon Wyatt 2006
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any form without the permission of the publishers.
A CIP entry for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN-10: 0 7136 7805 4
ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7805 5
eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0158-2
Text typeset by A & C Black
Printed in Great Britain at Caligraving Ltd, Thetford, Norfolk
This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and
recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
Introduction
If you want to practise and develop your knowledge of phrasal verbs and idioms, you will find this book very
useful. The various exercises contain many of the most common phrasal verbs and idioms, together with
some useful spoken expressions that you might expect to hear or use in an English-speaking environment.
You should not go through this book mechanically from beginning to end. It is better to choose one
particular verb or topic, do the exercise(s), make a record of any new words and expressions that you learn,
then practise using these in sentences or situations of your own. When you feel you have a good command
of these, move to another verb or topic and do the same. You should also review the things you have learned
on a regular basis, so that they remain 'fresh' in your mind and become part of your 'active' vocabulary.
The meanings of most of the phrasal verbs and idioms are explained in the book, either in the exercises
themselves, or in the
answer key
at the back. This key also provides you with lots of similar or alternative
expressions, together with examples of how they are used. However, we recommend that you keep a good
dictionary with you, and refer to it when necessary. In particular, we recommend the A & C Black
Easier
English Intermediate Dictionary
(ISBN 0-7475-6989-4) or the
Macmillan English Dictionary
(ISBN 0-333-
96482-9), from which many of the definitions and sample sentences in this book have been taken.
No vocabulary book can possibly contain all of the thousands of English phrasal verbs and idioms that you are
likely to come across or need, so it is important to acquire new ones from other sources. If you have access
to English-language newspapers, popular magazines, television and radio programmes, films and albums of
popular music, you will find that these are excellent resources.
We hope that you enjoy doing the exercises in this book. Before you begin, we suggest that you read this
important information about phrasal verbs and idioms.
What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb is a verb formed from two (or sometimes three) parts: a
verb
and an
adverb
or
preposition
.
These adverbs and prepositions are often called
particles
when they are used in a phrasal verb.
Most phrasal verbs are formed from a small number of verbs (for example,
get
,
go
,
come
,
put
and
set
) and a
small number of particles (for example,
away
,
out
,
off
,
up
and
in
).
Phrasal verbs sometimes have meanings that you can easily guess (for example,
sit down
or
look for
).
However, in most cases their meanings are quite different from the meanings of the verb they are formed
from. For example,
hold up
can mean 'to cause a delay' or 'to try to rob someone'. The original meaning of
hold
(for example,
to hold something in your hands
) no longer applies.
There are five main types of phrasal verb. These are:
1.
Intransitive phrasal verbs (= phrasal verbs which do not need an object).
For example:
You're driving too fast. You ought to
slow down
.
2.
Transitive phrasal verbs (= phrasal verbs which must have an object) where the object can come in
one of two positions:
(1) Between the verb and the particle(s).
For example:
I think I'll
put
my jacket
on
.
or
(2) After the particle.
For example:
I think I'll
put on
my jacket
.
However, if the object is a pronoun (
he
,
she
,
it
, etc), it must usually come between the verb and the
particle.
For example:
I think I'll
put
it
on
. (NOT
I think I'll
put on
it
.)
3.
Transitive phrasal verbs where the object must come between the verb and the particle.
For example:
Our latest designs
set
our company
apart
from our rivals.
4.
Transitive phrasal verbs where the object must come after the particle.
For example:
John
takes after
his mother
.
Why do you
put up with
the way he treats you
?
5.
Transitive phrasal verbs with two objects, one after the verb and one after the particle.
For example:
They
put
their success
down to
good planning
.
Some transitive phrasal verbs can be used in the passive, but the object
cannot
come between the verb and
the particle.
For example:
Active:
The soldiers
blew up
the bridge /
The soldiers
blew
the bridge
up
.
Passive:
The bridge
was
blown up
by
the soldiers
.
Active:
Switch
the lights
off
before you leave
/
Switch off
the lights
before you leave
.
Passive:
The lights
must be
switched off
before you leave
.
Active:
It's time
they
did away with
these silly rules
.
Passive:
It's time
these silly rules
were
done away with
. (where the subject is either not known or not
needed).
A dictionary such as the
Bloomsbury Easier English Intermediate Dictionary
or the
Macmillan English
Dictionary
will clearly show you the way you should use each phrasal verb.
What is an idiom
?
An idiom is an expression where the meaning is different from the meaning of the individual words.
For example,
to have your feet on the ground
is an idiom meaning 'to be sensible': "
Tara is an intelligent girl
who
has both
her
feet
firmly
on the ground
."
A lot of idioms are formed using phrasal verbs.
For example:
After he left me, it took me a long time to
pick up
the pieces
(= It took me a long time to
return to a normal life).
Many idioms are
colloquial
, which means that they are used in informal conversation rather than in writing
or formal language.
For example:
"I won't tell anyone your secret
.
My lips are sealed
."
In this book, you will find a lot of colloquial idioms, together with some examples of
slang
(very informal
words and expressions that are often used by particular groups of people, such as teenagers). If an idiom that
is being practised is informal or very informal, the book will tell you this.
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]